2021年专八英语考试人文知识试题
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An Outline of British Literary History
Early and Medieval English Literature
1. Beowulf, epic in old Briton
2. Romance
3. Ballads
4. Geoffrey Chaucer, the founder of English poetry, “The Canterbury Tales”
The English Renaissance 16th—first half of 17th
1. Characteristic of Renaissance:
1a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature;
2keen interest in the activities of humanity humanism
2. Thomas More, the greatest of the English humanists, “Utopia”
3. Poets in this period: The sonnet, an exact form of poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter intricately rhymed, was introduced to England from Italy by Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard
① Sir Philip Sidney 1554-86, love sonnets: “Astrophel and Stella”
② Walter Raleigh 1552-1618, “Discovery of Guiana”
③ Edmund Spenser 1552-99, “The Shepherd's Calendar” a pastoral poem in 12 books; “The Faerie Queene” his masterpiece dedicated to Queen Elizabeth. He is the first master to make Modern English the natural music of his poetic effusions.
④ John Lyly 1554-1606, a romance writer for the gentle reader, “Euphues”
4. Prose Writer: Francis Bacon 1561-1626, “Essays” 58 ones. It covers a wide variety of subjects, such as love, truth, friendship, parents and children, beauty, studies, riches, youth and age, garden, death, and many others. They have won popularity for their precision, clearness, brevity and force.
5. Drama the highest glory of English Renaissance
① university wits: Lyly, Peele, Marlowe, Greene, Lodge and Nash. They made rapid progress in dramatic technique because they had a close contact with the actors and audience.
② Christopher Marlowe 1564-93:
1Tamburlaine;
2The Jew of Malta;
3Doctor Faustus
③ Ben Jonson 1572-1637:
1Every man in His Humor;
2Volpone, or the Fox”;
3The Alchemist;
④ William Shakespeare
Four Tragedies:
1Hamlet
2Othello
3King Lear
4Macbeth
Celebrated comedies:
1The Merchant of Venice
2The Taming of the Shrew
3A Midsummer Night's Dream
4All's Well That Ends Well other celebrated ones:
1Titus Andronicus
2Romeo and Juliet
3Henry V
4Twelfth Night
5Julius Caesar
6Timon of Athens
7The Tempest
8Antony and Cleopatra