2021年英语专八高级翻译试题训练
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part 1
有一种人我最不喜欢和他下棋，那便是太有涵养的人。杀死他一大块，或是抽了他一个车，他神色自若，不动火，不生气，好像是无关痛痒，使得你觉得索然寡味。君子无所争，下棋却是要争的。当你给对方一个严重威胁的时候，对方的头上青筋暴露，黄豆般的汗珠一颗颗地在额上陈列出来，或哭丧着脸作惨笑，或咕嘟着嘴作吃屎状，或抓耳挠腮，或大叫一声，或长吁短叹，或自怨自艾口中念念有词，或一串串的噎嗝打个不休，或红头涨脸如关公，种种现象，不一而足，这时节你“行有余力”便可以点起一支烟，或啜一碗茶，静静地欣赏对方的苦闷的象征。我想猎人困逐一只野兔的时候，其愉快大概略相仿佛。因此我悟出一点道理，和人下棋的时候，如果有机会使对方受窘，当然无所不用其极，如果被对方所窘，便努力作出不介意状，因为既不能积极地给对方以烦恼，只好消极地减少对方的乐趣。
背景介绍
《下棋》是梁实秋散文中较有代表性的一篇，其显著特点之一，就是细致入微地写出了下棋、观棋和悟棋的独到而深刻的'感受。下棋的最大乐趣在于自己局势有利时，静静地欣赏对方痛苦不堪的种种窘态。梁实秋先生一口气用了八个“或”字，把对方的窘态绘声绘色、惟妙惟肖地列举出来，使人如临其境，如闻其声。而在自己处于下风时，也应不动声色，减少对方的乐趣。
难点解析
1. 君子无所争： “君子”即 “gentleman”， “争”即 “竞争”contest ，下棋也算是两人间的比赛 ，所以这里选用“contest”。全句译为“A real gentleman seldom contests with others.”。
2. “下棋却是要争的”：这里的“争”也有 “竞争”的意思，但更含有一种想赢的心态 ，因此译为“do sb. down”，有“胜过某人”的意思。全句译为“He will, however, seek to do his opponent down in a game of chess.”。
3. “当你给对方一个严重威胁的时候”：译为“when you put him on the spot”，词组“put sb. on the spot”意思是“使人为难，使某人陷入窘境”。
4. “头上青筋暴露”：“青筋”即“blue veins”，全句译为“see blue veins standing out on his temples”，“头上”译为“on the temples”，“temple”指“太阳穴”。
5. “黄豆般的汗珠”： “黄豆般的”即“the size of soybean”，故词组译为“drops of cold sweat the size of soybean”。
6. “一颗颗地在额上陈列出来”：“一颗颗”并不需要译出 ，因为前面的“drops”一词已经体现出来 了。
7. “哭丧着脸作惨笑”：“哭丧着脸”译为“a long face”，即“闷闷不乐的，不悦的脸色”。 “惨笑”译为“a wan smile”，“wan”原意为“无血色的，苍白的”。全句译为 “...wear a wan smile on his long face”。
8. “咕嘟着嘴作吃屎状”：意思是 “涵养低的人落下风时嘟囔着嘴心情不好”，译为 “purse his lips in displeasure”，“purse”指“皱起 ，缩拢”。
9. “抓耳挠腮”：“scratch his head”。
10. “大叫一声”：“let out a sharp cry”。“cry”一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。“shout”指有意识地高声喊叫 ，常用于提出警告、发出指令或唤起注意等。“exclaim ”多指因高兴、愤怒、痛苦、惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫。“roar”指发出大而深沉的声音、吼叫或咆哮 。 “scream”指因恐惧、快乐或痛苦而发出的尖叫声。“shriek”指因惊恐 、痛苦等或其他感情而发出比scream更为尖锐、刺耳的叫声。“yell”多指求援 、鼓励时的呼叫，也可指因外界因素刺激而发出尖厉的声音。“call”指大声说话或喊叫，以引起某人 的注意。
11. “长吁短叹” ：译为“sigh and groan”。“sigh”即“叹息，叹气 ”，“groan”即 “呻吟 ，抱怨”。
12. “自怨自艾口中念念有词”：“自怨自艾”译为“bitterly”即可“口中念念有词”译为 “repent his folly”，“repent”指 “后悔、忏悔”，“folly”指“愚蠢 、荒唐事”。
13. “一串串的噎嗝打个不休”： “打嗝译为 “hiccup”，全句译为“keep hiccupping unceasingly”。
14. “红头涨脸如关公” ：译为“flush crimson with shame”。“flush”即“发红，发亮”。 “crimson”即 “深红色”。
15. “行有余力”： “feeling carefree”。
16. “啜一碗茶”： “啜”在这里译为名词 “sip” ， “sip”有 “啜饮、抿 、小口喝”的意思 ，全句译为 “take a sip from your teacup”。
17. “静静地欣赏对方 的苦 闷的象征”：“欣赏”译为“savor ” ，因为“savor ”有 “尽情享受”的意思 ，可 以体现出 占上风者 的从容 、惬意 。全句译为 “savor the signs of your opponent’s discomfort”。
18. “我想猎人 困逐一只野兔 的时候 ，其愉快大概略相仿佛”：“其愉快大概略相仿佛”译为“the pleasure is by no means less than...” ，用“by no means less than”表示做强调。“猎人困逐一只野兔”要注意“困”字，可以译为“at one’s mercy” ，表示野兔任其摆布。全句译为“The pleasure you have from it, I believe, is by no means less than that a hunter gets from a deadbeat rabbit at his mercy.”。
参考译文
The last man I would like to play chess with is a man with too much self-control. When he sees a huge piece of his position taken by his opponent as in Go, or a chariot, lost to his opponent through an erroneous move as in Chinese chess, he remains calm and unruffled, as if nothing whatever has happened. And that air of him will surely make you feel flat and insipid.A real gentleman seldom contests with others; he will, however, seek to do his opponent down in a game of chess. When you put him on the spot, you can expect to see blue veins standing out on his temples and drops of cold sweat the size of soybean appearing on his forehead. He will either wear a wan smile on his long face, or purse his lips in displeasure, or scratch his head, or let out a sharp cry, or sigh and groan, or bitterly repent his folly, or keep hiccupping unceasingly, or flush crimson with shame, and such like. And at such a moment, feeling care-free, you can light a cigarette or just take a sip from your teacup and savor the signs of your opponent ’s discomfort. The pleasure you have from it, I believe, is by no means less than that a hunter gets from a deadbeat rabbit at his mercy. And from this I have found out something—when engaged in a game of chess, you should resort to every conceivable means to embarrass your opponent, and try hard to remain calm when you yourself fall into difficulty. If you are unable to cause your opponent to suffer, why not try to let him find as little pleasure as possible from your trouble?
选 自 《中国体育中英文版 》
part 2
这么美丽的玫瑰剪下来，让人心疼。她抓紧我的袖子叮咛：千万不能剪啊，玫瑰是泥土的微笑，谁忍心杀戮美得醉人的微笑?
我的灵魂悚然一惊，丑陋的泥土，卑微的泥土，朴素的泥土，因为玫瑰，露出了惊艳一笑。
因为这一笑，让人爱惜非常。
江南的紫砂壶玲珑剔透，泥人张的彩塑令人拍案叫绝，它们不都是泥土的微笑吗?弥足珍贵。即使曾丑陋，即使曾卑微，即使曾朴素，同样让人肃然起敬。
我懂得了，即使再平凡的人，也没有理由被埋没，只要努力活出色彩，一定叫人刮目相看。
背景介绍
这篇散文语言朴素，比较生活化，却不庸俗。我们都是平凡的人，平凡得如随处可见的泥土。但所有的农作物都要种在土里，再美丽的花也要扎根在土里。那些丰硕的果实，那些美丽的花，都是泥土的成果，泥土的分身。所以，努力地活着，活出属于自己的色彩，就不再是平凡的泥土，平凡的人!翻译时，也应当把握住这一点，原文朴素，却不庸俗，应从语言上体现其特点。
难点解析
1. 千万不能剪啊 ，玫瑰是泥土的微笑 ，谁忍心杀戮美得醉人的微笑 ：这一句要注意句子的拆分，译文应当分成两句 ，从意思上来看，“千万不能剪啊”有语气词“啊”在末尾，语气较重，单独处理为一句话。后面的两个“微笑”相互呼应 ，放到一起译为第二句话 。故译为 “She told me that by no means should they be cut. Roses are the smiling face of the earth, and who could be so iron-hearted as to destroy a smile so exhilarating?”。
2. 灵魂悚然一惊： “悚然”意为“由于惊觉、害怕而犹疑”，boggle意为 “to overwhelm with wonder or bewilderment”，故译为 “My mind was thoroughly boggled”。
3. 丑陋的泥土，卑微的泥土，朴素的泥土，因为玫瑰，露出了惊艳一笑：在这句话中，三个“……的泥土”并列为 “露 出了惊艳一笑”的主语 ，故译为“the ugly earth, the humble earth, the plain earth—it is only because of the roses that it reveals an amazing and bright smile.”。
4. 因为……因为……：此处使用了两个强调句。故第二句译为 “it is for the sake of that smile that it wins the care and pity of men.”。
5. 紫砂壶：the boccaro teapots。
6. 令人拍案叫绝的泥塑：the shockingly beautiful sculptures。
7. 弥足珍贵：中文可 以接着上文说 “弥足珍贵”，但英文则必须有主语，且意思上应与后面的句子连在一起，可用such ...that结构译出。全句译为：“They are such exquisite treasures that—even if...”。
8. “无论是谁，都不应 当……” ，英文中习惯用否定代词no-one...表示，“即使再平凡的人”可译为“however ordinary”。
9. 活出色彩：anyone who adds a dash of colour to life。
10. 刮目相看：意为 “用新 的眼光看待”，故意译为deserve our respect 。
参考译文
To cut such beautiful roses would hurt one, she said. With her hands clutching at my sleeves, she told me that by no means should they be cut. Roses are the smiling face of the earth, and who could be so iron-hearted as to destroy a smile so exhilarating? My mind was thoroughly boggled: the ugly earth, the humble earth, the plain earth—it is only because of the roses that it reveals an amazing and bright smile, and it is for the sake of that smile that it wins the care and pity of men.
Both the exquisiteness of the boccaro teapots made in south China, and the shockingly beautiful sculptures by Clay Sculptor Zhang of Tianj in—aren ’t they all smiles of the earth?
They are such exquisite treasures that—even if they look ugly, humble, plain, or whatever—they no doubt deserve respect and veneration.
Now I understand that no-one, however ordinary, should be condemned to anonymity, and that anyone who adds a dash of colour to life deserves our respect.
北京外国语大学申雨平教授译