PHP中trait使用方法介绍
PHP中使用trait关键字是为了解决一个类既想集成基类的属性和方法,又想拥有别的基类的.方法,而trait一般情况下是和use搭配使用的。本文是小编搜索整理的关于PHP中trait使用方法介绍,感兴趣的朋友一起学习吧!!想了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们免费学习网!
<?php
trait Drive
public $carName = 'trait';
public function driving
echo "driving $this->carName\n";
class Person
public function eat
echo "eat\n";
class Student extends Person
use Drive;
public function study
echo "study\n";
$student = new Student;
$student->study;
$student->eat;
$student->driving;
?>
输出结果如下:
study
eat
driving trait
上面的例子中,Student类通过继承Person,有了eat方法,通过组合Drive,有了driving方法和属性carName。
如果Trait、基类和本类中都存在某个同名的属性或者方法,最终会保留哪一个呢?
<?php
trait Drive
public function hello
echo "hello drive\n";
public function driving
echo "driving from drive\n";
class Person
public function hello
echo "hello person\n";
public function driving
echo "driving from person\n";
class Student extends Person
use Drive;
public function hello
echo "hello student\n";
$student = new Student;
$student->hello;
$student->driving;
?>
输出结果如下:
hello student
driving from drive
因此得出结论:当方法或属性同名时,当前类中的方法会覆盖 trait的 方法,而 trait 的方法又覆盖了基类中的方法。
如果要组合多个Trait,通过逗号分隔 Trait名称:
use Trait1, Trait2;
如果多个Trait中包含同名方法或者属性时,会怎样呢?答案是当组合的多个Trait包含同名属性或者方法时,需要明确声明解决冲突,否则会产生一个致命错误。
<?php
trait Trait1
public function hello
echo "Trait1::hello\n";
public function hi
echo "Trait1::hi\n";
trait Trait2
public function hello
echo "Trait2::hello\n";
public function hi
echo "Trait2::hi\n";
class Class1
use Trait1, Trait2;
?>
输出结果如下:
代码如下:
PHP Fatal error: Trait method hello has not been applied, because there are collisions with other trait methods on Class1 in ~/php54/trait_3.php on line 20
使用insteadof和as操作符来解决冲突,insteadof是使用某个方法替代另一个,而as是给方法取一个别名,具体用法请看代码:
<?php
trait Trait1
public function hello
echo "Trait1::hello\n";
public function hi
echo "Trait1::hi\n";
trait Trait2
public function hello
echo "Trait2::hello\n";
public function hi
echo "Trait2::hi\n";
class Class1
use Trait1, Trait2
Trait2::hello insteadof Trait1;
Trait1::hi insteadof Trait2;
class Class2
use Trait1, Trait2
Trait2::hello insteadof Trait1;
Trait1::hi insteadof Trait2;
Trait2::hi as hei;
Trait1::hello as hehe;
$Obj1 = new Class1;
$Obj1->hello;
$Obj1->hi;
echo "\n";
$Obj2 = new Class2;
$Obj2->hello;
$Obj2->hi;
$Obj2->hei;
$Obj2->hehe;
?>
输出结果如下:
Trait2::hello
Trait1::hi
Trait2::hello
Trait1::hi
Trait2::hi
Trait1::hello
as关键词还有另外一个用途,那就是修改方法的访问控制:
Trait 也能组合Trait,Trait中支持抽象方法、静态属性及静态方法,测试代码如下:
<?php
trait Hello
public function sayHello
echo "Hello\n";
trait World
use Hello;
public function sayWorld
echo "World\n";
abstract public function getWorld;
public function inc
static $c = 0;
$c = $c + 1;
echo "$c\n";
public static function doSomething
echo "Doing something\n";
class HelloWorld
use World;
public function getWorld
return 'get World';
$Obj = new HelloWorld;
$Obj->sayHello;
$Obj->sayWorld;
echo $Obj->getWorld . "\n";
HelloWorld::doSomething;
$Obj->inc;
$Obj->inc;
?>
输出结果如下:
Hello
World
get World
Doing something
1
2